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al-Adillah (The Sources of the Ruling)

Uṣūl al-Fiqh (Legal Theory)Ahl al-Sunnah wa al-Jamāʿah

The ordered evidences from which the obligation is established: the Qurʾān, the Sunnah, scholarly consensus, and analogy.

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In words:plusplusplus.

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Reads as: al-Adillah (The Sources of the Ruling)

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Mathematical Analysis

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Uṣūl al-Fiqh

Essence

S1A hierarchy of evidence: decisive primary texts first, reasoned derivation last.

Dimension I

Definition

What it is — and what it is not

What it is
  • S2In the Sacred Law — The ordered roots from which the ruling is derived.
    • S2.1essenceThe Qurʾān commands prayer in general; the Sunnah specifies its manner and times.
    • S2.2essenceThe unbroken consensus of every generation confirms the obligation.
    • S2.3essenceAnalogy extends the established ruling to cases the primary texts did not name.
Attributes
  • S3The four roots — The Qurʾān, then the Sunnah, then consensus (ijmāʿ), then analogy (qiyās).

Dimension II

In practice

How to deal with it

What to do
  • S4Trace any ruling to the strongest available source before resorting to analogy.

Sub-topics 4

References

  1. al-Shāfiʿī, al-Risālah.

    • 1.1

      On bayān and the roots — al-Shāfiʿī sets out the Qurʾān, the Sunnah, ijmāʿ, and qiyās as the ordered roots of rulings, with the later only resorted to in the absence of the earlier.

      Corroborated
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